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Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease which typically occurs in tropical areas in central and west Africa. From May 2022-July 2023, multiple cases of mpox were identified in non-endemic countries, and the World Health Organization declared the mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This marked the first time many mpox cases were reported concurrently in non-endemic and endemic countries in different geographical areas. During the outbreak, nearly 100,000 people were infected, primarily gay and bisexual men, and approximately 200 people died.  This statement was prepared by Nathalie Kapp, Chief Medical Advisor with support from the International Medical Advisory Panel (IMAP) members: Arachu Castro, Michalina Drejza, Gail Knudson, Zozo Nene, Prof. Pascale Allotey, Janet Meyers, Professor Michael Mbizvo (Co-Chair), Chipo Gwanzura (Co-Chair), Paul D. Blumenthal, and Edmore Munongo. We thank the panel for their valuable and timely guidance and reviews offered during the development process. 

This statement is intended to support and guide IPPF Member Associations and other sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), humanitarian and development organisations regarding COVID-19 and vaccination and the impact on delivery of sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH). It covers issues related to advocacy to address health inequalities and stigma, in addition to medical and service delivery recommendations, evidence and practical guidance from the scientific community. 

Achieving UHC represents an ambitious global effort which currently receives significant traction and political momentum. Although each country is at a different stage of implementation, as they take steps on the path towards UHC, new opportunities arise to advance and integrate a comprehensive approach to SRHR and essential SRH services. UHC reforms are inherently complex, but a people‑centred and a health systems approach can help to identify key areas and actions that can be taken to advance SRHR integration in UHC. This IMAP statement highlights some of these areas and actions and, as a deeper understanding of local circumstances and the specific needs of those currently left behind are crucial, IPPF MAs are well placed to play a leading role in this process.

It is estimated that 1 in 3 (35%) women worldwide have experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner and/or sexual violence by a non‑partner in their lifetime, with the majority of this violence being intimate partner violence. Of the 87,000 women who were killed intentionally in 2017 globally, an estimated 58% were killed by an intimate partner or family member.Sexual and gender‑based violence (SGBV) is a human rights violation, associated with death, injury and a broad range of negative sexual, mental and physical health issues and socio‑economic impacts.

This statement’s purpose is to provide guidance to IPPF Member Associations and other sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR)organizations to support sustained provision of essential and life‑saving SRH services in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic. The statement also serves as a tool to advocate with donors and other stakeholders for additional resources to sustain SRH services throughout the pandemic. The statement reinforces IPPF’s position and commitment to SRH and rights and gender equality.

In 2018, IPPF endorsed the WHO/UNFPA Call to Action to Attain Universal Health Coverage Through Linked Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights and HIV Interventions.13 This IMAP statement serves as a reminder of this call to action to ensure all people have access to comprehensive SRH services, including integrated contraceptive and HIV/STI services, provided through primary healthcare.

The body of evidence on possible increased risk of HIV acquisition with use of progestogen‑only contraception has remained mixed since 1991, with the greatest concern of an increased risk of HIV acquisition centred on the use of intramuscular depot‑medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA‑IM). Data on the risk of HIV acquisition and use of other highly effective contraceptives such as norethisterone enanthate (NET‑EN), hormonal implants, and hormonal and non‑hormonal IUDs are limited.2 And there are no data on subcutaneous DMPA (DMPA‑SC) and HIV risk.  In 2016, an updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence on hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition concluded that there was a significant association between the use of DMPA and HIV acquisition and no increased HIV risk with oral contraceptive pills.3 The updated systematic review provided important data regarding DMPA users at high risk of HIV; however, confounding in these observational data could not be excluded. The historically mixed data and the need to control for confounding required further investigation into the association between use of progestogen‑only injectables and increased risk of HIV acquisition, using a more robust research design. This led to the development of the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial.  

Lack of access to safe abortion care is further exacerbated in many settings by stigma, a lack of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR),3 and what the Guttmacher‑Lancet Commission on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights calls “a persistent discrimination against women and girls, and an unwillingness to address issues related to sexuality openly and comprehensively.”4 Particularly vulnerable groups within this context are adolescents; women with disabilities; sex workers; women who are subjected to forced marriage, domestic violence, abuse or rape, or female genital mutilation; and women subjected to human trafficking. Medical abortion has the potential to increase access to safe abortion care and to increase women’s autonomy and decision‑making with regards to their reproductive choices and rights. It is time to implement evidence‑based abortion services that promote, protect and fulfil the sexual and reproductive rights of all individuals everywhere.

Today, unprecedented numbers of people are living in a state of crisis or emergency. In 2018, it is estimated that 135.7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, with conflict and natural disasters predicted to be the biggest drivers. Of those in need, approximately one-quarter is estimated to be women and girls of reproductive age (aged 15–49) and approximately 5 million will be pregnant. Globally, 60% of preventable maternal deaths take place in settings of conflict, fragility, displacement and natural disasters.

Today we face unprecedented challenges related to ageing. Populations in many countries around the world are ageing rapidly. In 1950, there were 205 million people aged 60 years or over in the world. By 2012, the number of older people increased to almost 810 million. Almost two in three of these people lived in developing countries. The number of older people is projected to double by 2050, reaching 2 billion.